For chmod, umask etc.
| Permission | User | Group | Other | 
|---|---|---|---|
| Read | |||
| Write | |||
| Execute | 
drwxr-xr-x, for example, gives the file type (directory in this case).user and group execute permission place may be S (or s meaning executable as well) to represent setuid and setgid.other execute permission place may be T (or t meaning executable as well) to represent the sticky bit.umask execute is ignored), but directories can be.umask will have four values, e.g. 0022. The leading 0 is a mask for the setuid, setgid and sticky bits.